विकास जीवों में होने वाले परिवर्तनों की प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें वे अपनी विशेषताओं और लक्षणों में बदलाव लाते हैं। यह प्रक्रिया पीढ़ियों के माध्यम से होती है और जीवों को अपने पर्यावरण में अनुकूलन करने में मदद करती है। विकासवाद के मुख्य बिंदु हैं: 1. सामान्य पूर्वज: सभी जीव एक सामान्य पूर्वज से विकसित हुए … Read more
एक पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र जीवित जीवों (पौधों, जानवरों और सूक्ष्मजीवों) और निर्जीव घटकों (जैसे हवा, पानी और खनिज मिट्टी) का एक समुदाय है जो एक विशिष्ट वातावरण में एक दूसरे के साथ परस्पर क्रिया करते हैं। पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र विभिन्न रूपों में पाए जा सकते हैं, जिनमें शामिल हैं: 1. स्थलीय पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र (वन, घास के मैदान, … Read more
Horticulture is the art, science, and practice of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including: 1. Plant breeding: Developing new plant varieties with desirable traits. 2. Garden design: Creating aesthetically pleasing and functional outdoor spaces. 3. Plant care: Providing optimal conditions for plant growth, including watering, fertilizing, … Read more
Plant diseases are conditions that impair the normal growth, development, or function of plants. They can be caused by: 1. Pathogens: Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. 2. Environmental Factors: Extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, or pollution. Plant Diseases: 1. Fungal diseases (e.g., powdery mildew, rust) 2. Bacterial diseases (e.g., bacterial leaf spot) 3. Viral … Read more
Physiology is the branch of biology that studies the functions and processes of living organisms. It explores how organisms work, from the molecular and cellular level to entire systems and organisms. Physiology includes understanding: These terms are often used interchangeably, but they may emphasize specific aspects of the field. 1. Body Functions: How organs and … Read more
Plant Cell Definition: A plant cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that is the basic structural and functional unit of plants. It is characterized by a cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and other organelles that work together to carry out various cellular functions, including photosynthesis, growth, and development.Plant cells are the building blocks of plants … Read more
Mitochondria are organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. They’re often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they generate most of the energy that the cell needs to function. function, 1. Energy Production: Mitochondria produce energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration, which … Read more
Acid: Ek padarth jo hydrogen ion (H+) donate karta hai, jisse pH kam hota hai. Udaaharan: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Acetic acid (CH3COOH) Base: Ek padarth jo hydrogen ion (H+) accept karta hai, jisse pH badhta hai. Udaaharan: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)Salt: Ek padarth jo acid aur base ke reaction se banta hai, jismein … Read more
Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and development, which increases crop productivity.The nitrogen cycle helps maintain the balance of nutrients in the ecosystem, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem health.Nitrogen is a critical component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are vital for life. Table of contents What is Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen cycle Stages Nitrogen … Read more
What is the concepts of genetics and evolution? Genetics Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. Key concepts include: 1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): Genetic material that carries information. 2. Genes: Units of heredity that determine traits. 3. Chromosomes: Thread-like structures carrying genes. 4. Mendelian laws: Principles of inheritance (segregation, independent assortment). 5. Genetic variation: … Read more